Federal Law On Sexual Assault
The United States Congress enacted the Campus Sexual Assault Victims' Bill of Rights in 1992 as a part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 (Public Law: 102-325, section 486(c)). The bill was signed into law in July of 1992. The Campus Sexual Assault Victims' Bill of Rights exists as a part of the campus security reporting requirements of the federal law that establishes all student aid programs, the Higher Education Act of 1965.
This law requires that all colleges and universities (both public and private) participating in federal student aid programs afford sexual assault victims certain basic rights. It also requires the school to notify victims of their option to report their assault to the proper law enforcement authorities. The legislation was developed to combat the re-victimization of rape survivors at college campuses across the country.
New York State Law On Sexual Assault
NYS Law contains the following legal provisions defining the crimes related to sexual assault:
Section 130.20 - Sexual Misconduct. This offense includes sexual intercourse without consent and deviate sexual intercourse without consent. The penalty for violation of this section includes imprisonment for a definite period to be fixed by the court up to one year.
Section 130.24/.30.35 - Rape. This series of offenses includes sexual intercourse with a person incapable of consent because of the use of forcible compulsion or because the person is incapable of consent due to a mental defect, mental incapacity, or physical helplessness. This series of offenses further includes sexual intercourse with a person under the age of consent. The penalties for violation of these sections range from imprisonment for a period not to exceed four years up to imprisonment for a period not to exceed 25 years.
Section 130.40/.45/.50 - Criminal Sexual Act. This series of offenses includes oral or anal sexual conduct with a person incapable of consent because of the use of forcible compulsion or because the person is incapable of consent due to a mental defect, mental incapacity, or physical helplessness. This series of offenses further includes oral or anal sexual conduct with a person under the age of consent. The penalties for violation of these sections range from imprisonment for a period not to exceed four years up to imprisonment for a period not to exceed 25 years.
Section 130.52 - Forcible Touching. This offense involves the forcible touching of the sexual or other intimate parts of another person for the purpose of degrading or abusing such person; or for the purpose of gratifying the actor's sexual desire. Forcible touching includes the squeezing, grabbing, or pinching of such other person's sexual or other intimate parts. The penalty for violation of this section includes imprisonment for a period of up to one year in jail.
Section 130.55/.60/.65 - Sexual Abuse. This series of offenses includes sexual contact with a person by forcible compulsion, or with a person who is incapable of consent due to physical helplessness, or due to the person being under the age of consent. The penalties for violation of these sections range from imprisonment for a period not to exceed three months up to imprisonment for a period not to exceed seven years.
Section 130.65-a/.66/.67/.70 - Aggravated Sexual Abuse. This series of offenses occurs when a person inserts a finger or foreign object in the vagina, urethra, penis, or rectum of another person by forcible compulsion, when the other person is incapable of consent by reason of being physically helpless, or when the other person is under the age of consent. The level of this offense is enhanced if the insertion of a finger or foreign object causes injury to the other person. The penalties for violation of these sections range from imprisonment for a period not to exceed seven years up to imprisonment for a period not to exceed 25 years.
The Victim's Rights, Needs, And Options After Sexual Assault Occurs
Victim's Rights
Victims of sexual assault may encounter a bewildering number of choices related to medical services, legal assistance, counseling and other support services. The emotional reactions that may follow a sexual assault often make the decision making process even more complicated.
The Sexual Assault Victim's Bill of Rights is as follows:
- You have the right to seek and receive help.
- You have the right to be given the same credibility as any other crime victim.
- You have the right to courteous, efficient treatment.
- You have the right to be treated with dignity and respect, without prejudice against race, class, lifestyle, age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or occupation.
- You have the right to accurate information, presented in a way that you understand.
- You have the right to ask questions.
- You have the right to make your own decisions.
- You have the right to change your mind.
- You have the right to get help and support from others.
- You have the right to heal.
- You have the right to be informed of the outcome of any disciplinary proceeding.
- You have the right to be informed of your options to notify law enforcement.
- You have the right to be notified of counseling services.
- You have the right be notified of options for changing academic and living situations.
Victim's Medical Needs
Victims of sexual assault or attempted sexual assault should receive a comprehensive medical examination as soon as possible after the incident occurs. This is important for two reasons. One is to provide an immediate opportunity to treat medical conditions that may arise as a result of the sexual assault. A victim of sexual assault may also have injuries that are not physically visible. The second reason is to help in the collection of evidence.
A victim of sexual assault can go to the hospital for a forensic examination up to 96 hours after a sexual assault. This will include a collection of evidence. Therefore, when possible, it is best not to shower, wash, douche, eat, or drink. Please note, however, that it may still be possible to collect evidence even if these things have already occurred. It is also important to bring, in a paper bag, the clothes that were worn at the time of the sexual assault. At the hospital emergency department, a victim can also be given a general medical examination, antibiotics and testing for sexually transmitted infections, emergency contraception, and HIV prophylaxis and testing.
After completing a forensic examination, the victim does not have to immediately file a report with the police. A hospital will store the evidence collection kit for 30 days, which allows for the victim to later decide if she/he wants to report the assault to the police. Testing for the presence of date rape drugs can be done at a hospital emergency department, up to 96 hours after a sexual assault, when a police report is filed. Financial assistance for any expenses that are incurred at the hospital that are not covered by the victim's insurance may be covered by the New York State Crime Victim's Board if the assault occurred in New York State.
If the victim does not choose to have a forensic examination completed, she/he also has the option to go to the university's Student Health Services, a local health clinic, or their private physician for a general examination, emergency contraception, and sexual transmitted infection treatment and testing.
Victim's Counseling Needs
Victims of sexual assault can experience emotional as well as physical consequences. Initial reactions vary and may include shock, denial, anxiety, guilt, anger, and self-blame. A victim may experience nightmares, changes in their eating or sleeping patterns, and depression. Individuals who have been sexually assaulted are strongly encouraged to obtain help from a professional counselor as soon as they are ready after the incident occurs.
Off-Campus Legal Options
In addition to the university's student disciplinary process and those disciplinary procedures applicable to faculty and staff, the victim has the right to pursue criminal prosecution and/or civil litigation.
Reporting a sexual assault to the police does not obligate the victim to file criminal charges or pursue other legal action. In the case of sexual assault, however, prompt reporting and a comprehensive medical examination completed at a hospital emergency department within 96 hours of the assault will enable the victim to file criminal charges at a later date if he or she wishes to do so.
The Office of Student Support and Crisis Management working with the local police precincts is available to provide assistance and information on criminal prosecution. The university is committed to providing full and prompt cooperation and assistance in notifying the proper law enforcement personnel if the victim so chooses.
The New School and New York City Resources
New School Resources
Student Counseling Services - 212.229.1671 option 1
Student Medical Services - 212.229.1671 option 2
Student Support and Crisis Management - 212.229.5900 x3189 or 646.208.4534 (24 hrs)
Student Rights & Responsibilities - 212.229.5900 x3656
Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs - 212.229.5900 x3659 or 646.210.6951 (24 hrs)
Student Ombuds - 212.229.8996 x 3619
Office of Human Resources - 212.229.5671
University Security - 212.229.5165 (24 hrs)
New York City Resources
In addition or as alternatives to the university support services, students may seek help from a number of
community agencies. The following are other helpful numbers:
Police emergency - 911 (24 hrs)
NYPD Special Victims Liaison Unit Report Line - 646.610.7273 (24 hrs)
NYC Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project - 212.714.1141 (24 hrs)
Safe Horizons: Rape and Sexual Assault Hotline - 212.227.3000 (24 hrs)
Safe Horizons: NYC Domestic Violence Hotline - 800.621.4673 (24 hrs)
New York Asian Women's Center - 212.732.5230 (24 hrs)
Women's Rights at Work - 888.979.7765
NYC Alliance Against Sexual Assault - 212.523.4344
NYS Victim Information and Notification Everyday - (888) VINE-4NY
NYS Crime Victim's Board - 718.923.4325
Manhattan DA's Office - 212.335.9373
Brooklyn DA's Office - 718.250.3170
Bronx DA's Office - 718.590.2323
Queens DA's Office - 718.286.6505
Rape Crisis Centers (affiliated with hospitals)
Manhattan
Beth Israel Medical Center - 212.420.4516
Bellevue Hospital Center - 212.562.3435
Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center - 212.305.9060
Harlem Hospital - 212.939.4613 (24 hrs)
Mt. Sinai Medical Center - 212.423.2140
New York Presbyterian Hospital - 212.305.9060
St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital - 212.523.4728
St. Vincent's Hospital & Medical Center - 212.604.8068
Brooklyn
Coney Island Hospital - 718.616.4209 or (800)TEL.RAPE (24 hrs)
Long Island College Hospital - 718.780.1459
Bronx
North Central Bronx Hospital - 718.519.5722
Queens
Elmhurst Hospital Center - 718.736.1288
Staten Island
St. Vincent's Medical Center, Staten Island Region - 718.876.3044
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